Normally, the eyes move in concert (e.g. when the left eye moves left, the right eye moves left to a similar degree). The brain takes the input from each eye and puts it together to form a single image. This coordinated movement depends on 6 extraocular muscles that insert around the eyeballs, allowing them to move in all directions. Each muscle is innervated by one of the 3 Cranial Nerves (CN): CN 3 (Oculomotor), 4 (Trochlear) and 6 (Abducens). Movements are described as: elevation (pupil directed upwards), depression (pupil directed downwards), abduction (pupil directed laterally), adduction (pupil directed medially), extortion (top of eye rotating away from the nose), and intorsion (top of eye rotating towards the nose).
Activity allows to examine the presence or absence of extraocular movements of the eye.
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Simulation Type |
Condition,Using graphics |
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Gender Specific |
No, Common for both gender |
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Conditions Simulated |
● Normal: Normal movement of extraocular movements in 6 directions ● Third cranial nerve palsy/Oculomotor nerve palsy ● Fourth cranial nerve palsy/Trochlear nerve palsy ● Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) ● Conjugate gaze palsies |
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Procedure |
● Moving the cursor towards the 9 points around the eye in the simulator and check eye movements. ● Check gaze in the six cardinal directions using a cross or "H" pattern. ● Check convergence by moving the cursor towards the bridge of the patient's nose. |